Concepts, evidence, and implications thomas donaldson georgetown university lee e. A stakeholder approach, a work that set the agenda for what we. Hector german rodriguez, jennie popp, edward gbur, john pennington. Larson july 14, 20 stewardship theory history and overview stewardship theory is a relatively new concept karns, 2011 and assumes that the manager is a steward of the business with behaviors and objectives consistent with those of the owners. Pdf stakeholder theory the state of the art jader melo. Freeman has engrossed much of the business ethics literature. The stakeholder perspective is an alternative way of understanding how companies and people create value and trade with each other. Its publication proved to be a landmark moment in the development of stakeholder theory. A stakeholder approach, a work that set the agenda for what we now call stakeholder theory. Stakeholder theory and the corporate objective revisited 366 organization science 153, pp. In stakeholder theory, its descriptive stance dictates the firm, i.
These ideas are central to the esei approach to stakeholder engagement. Stakeholder theory is a specific approach to recognising and dealing with stakeholders, based on the concept of stakeholder developed by ed freeman in his books strategic management. An important difference is that property rights theory seeks a set of market frictions to 2 the shareholder vs. Towards a stakeholder theory of strategic management. First notable publication on the stakeholder theory. The shareholders, in turn, would privately shoulder any social responsibility. Stakeholder theory as an ethical approach to effective. Edward freeman published his landmark book, strategic management. It addresses morals and values in managing an organization, such as those related to corporate social responsibility, market economy, and. Applying stakeholder theory to supply chain management. A stakeholder approach, originally published in 1984 and reprinted 2010 by cambridge university press for ed freeman s complete cv, click here. Stakeholder theory is a prominent popular and academic way of understanding business ethics, however no fullscale defense of stakeholder theory exists examines stakeholder theory from the perspective of several fields of study including strategic management, economics, moral and political philosophy, social psychology, and. A stakeholder approach originally published in 1984 and reprinted by cambridge university press in 2010 identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation. It is not the purpose of this paper to provide an overview of the vast literature on corporate social responsibility csr, stakeholder theory sht and the socalled triple bottom line 3bl.
Stakeholder theory and the corporate objective revisited. Stakeholder theory slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Some groups will have value created in terms of profits. They have exceeded freemans intentions which are more libertarian. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. Stakeholder theory by freeman 1984 provides us with a framework that can be used to map out the stakeholders of all different types of businesses. The purpose of a stakeholder approach to strategic management is to actively plan a new direction for the firm. A stakeholder approach, this work assembles a collection of contributions by the most. Edward freeman originally detailed the stakeholder theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in managing an organization. Stewardship theory, stakeholder theory and convergence by stephen l. Stakeholder theory and the corporate objective revisited organization science 153, pp. This theory emphasises the importance of the involvement of stakeholders in the business in order to create value parmar et al, 2010.
For some of them it will be appropriate to create value in terms of living conditions, working conditions, pollution, noise, or fairness. Assessing freemans stakeholder theory springerlink. Sep 24, 2008 at least since the publication of the monumental strategic management. Nonetheless, his classic book, strategic management. Edward freemans stakeholder theory holds that a companys stakeholders include just about anyone affected by the company and its workings. A stakeholder guided collaborative approach to improve water quality in a nutrient surplus watershed. Business needs to consider customers, suppliers, employees, communities and shareholders. At least since the publication of the monumental strategic management. We sketch three primary arguments from ethical theory for adopting managing for stakeholders. Application of stakeholder theory to publicprivate partnerships to contextualise stakeholder theory to ppp, the fundamentals of this paradigm must be restructured. Edward freeman freeman is the acknowledged father of the stakeholder approach. Assessing freeman s stakeholder theory 403 says nothing about treating all stakeholders equally, nor does it suggest even remotely that managers should take from one stakeholder group and give to another. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of. Howell professor of governance and regulation issn.
In fields such as law, management, and human resources, stakeholder theory succeeded in challenging the usual analysis frameworks, by suggesting that stakeholders needs should be put at the beginning of any action. Freemans stakeholder theory allows us to give consideration to those things that are appropriate to the circumstances. If the condo company truly wants longterm success, stakeholder theory holds, it should treat suppliers and vendors well, but also do due diligence on how the supplier companies themselves do business. Then, stakeholder theory is evaluated and positioned within the life cycle of theories. Edward freemans foundational work continues to inspire scholars and. Stakeholder theory of the mnc the purpose of stakeholder management was to create methods to manage the different groups and relationships that resulted in a strategic fashion. Shortcomings and imperfections in the stakeholder models. The authors content analyzed 179 articles that directly addressed. The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that accounts for multiple constituencies impacted by business entities like. As a theory of organisations, stakeholder theory helps to nourish a relational model of organisations by revisiting questions about who is actually working with and in the firm. Freeman, harrison and zyglidopoulos discuss the foundation concepts and implementation of stakeholder management as well as the advantages this approach provides to firms and their managers. It addresses morals and values in managing an organization, such as those related to corporate social responsibility, market economy, and social contract theory.
A stakeholder approach was first published in 1984 as a part of the pitman series in business and public policy. The stakeholder theory is a theory of organizational management and business ethics that accounts for multiple constituencies impacted by business entities like employees, suppliers, local communities, creditors, and others. A stakeholder approach, cambridge university press, new york. Jun 01, 2010 stakeholder theory stakeholder management and strategic planning slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. In forprofit management theory, stakeholder concepts3 have been developed since the 1960s, primarily through adaptation into various.
That view is in opposition to the longheld shareholder theory proposed by economist milton friedman that in. Stakeholder theory, corporate governance and public. To develop a framework for stakeholder management ability, stakeholder theory of forprofit organizations can be utilized. The stakeholder theory of the corporation western washington. The members within a category are not at all homogenous. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar. Shareholders theory and stakeholders theory are the two normative theories of business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Some authors, such as geoffroy murat, tried to apply stakeholder s theory to irregular warfare. This page intentionally left blank stakeholder theory in 1984, r. A stakeholder approach originally published in 1984 and reprinted by cambridge university press in 2010 identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation, and both describes and recommends methods by which management can give due regard to the interests of those groups. Stakeholder theory quotes showing 11 of 1 economics may not fundamentally be about value creation in real business. It builds on concrete facts and analysis, and thus is descriptive, but. It was in this environment that freeman 1984 suggested that managers apply a vocabulary based on the stakeholder concept. However, under stakeholder theory, suppliers should also be operating their own businesses ethically, fairly, and equitably.
A stakeholder approach 1984, about a dozen books and more than. Both of them are theories about how corporate leaders deal in their business environment by each of their different perspectives, one is emphasizing to put priority on shareholders interests, the other is emphasizing to put priority on larger business. Stakeholder theory states that the purpose of a business is to create value for stakeholders not just shareholders. They have exceeded freemans intentions which are more libertarian and free. Stakeholder theory advocates for treating all stakeholders with fairness. This paper brings stakeholder theory and scm together by focusing on the major decision points in supply chain management and evaluating on how stakeholder theory does impact these decisions. Stakeholder theory is a widely undestood concept in business today. The third, the normative dimension, is explicitly moral and is the domain of ethicists. We argue that the primary responsibility of the executive is to create as much value for stakeholders as possible, and that no stakeholder interest is viable in isolation of the other stakeholders. We then suggest that traditionally the stakeholder approach to strategic management has several related characteristics that serve as distinguishing features. At its best it may be an idealized and abstract view of markets built around the goals of prediction, not around the way that actual business works. This is only a partial representation of ed freemans published works on stakeholder theory. It is a practical theory because all firms have to manage stakeholders. Stakeholder theory is part of a comprehensive project that views the organisationgroup.
A stakeholder approach, originally published in 1984 and reprinted 2010 by. Mar 16, 2001 we begin by developing a brief history of the concept. Subsequently, some advocates have moved a bit too quickly and without proper definition or argument. Analysis of three themes emanating from this literature leads to the development of. Stakeholder language has gained momentum across various academic fields in the last two decades. Larsons m3a1 stewardship theory, stakeholder theory, and. The stakeholder theory intends to balance economics and ethics issues connected with corporations operations, so it can be said that the theory takes in the complexity of the world. Mcerlane, a, heaney, g, haran, m and mcclements, s 2016 the application of stakeholder theory to uk ppp stakeholders. Jul 30, 2008 we argue that the primary responsibility of the executive is to create as much value for stakeholders as possible, and that no stakeholder interest is viable in isolation of the other stakeholders. A stakeholder approach to strategic management by r. Roughly speaking, enron has done for reflection on corporate governance what aids did for research on the immune system. At length, like the shareholder primacy theory, the stakeholder theory fails to balance the interests held by a person who play double role in corporations either.
One of the most important contributors to stakeholder theory is r. Proceedings of the 32 nd annual arcom conference, 57 september 2016, manchester, uk, association of researchers in construction management, vol 2, 863872. Stakeholder theory stakeholder management and strategic planning slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Assessing freemans stakeholder theory 403 says nothing about treating all stakeholders equally, nor does it suggest even remotely that managers should take from one stakeholder group and give to another. Stakeholder theory is extended to a genre freeman, 1994. Freeman 1984 owners activists groups political groups. A stakeholder approach identifies and models the groups which are stakeholders of a corporation. Freeman s stakeholder theory allows us to give consideration to those things that are appropriate to the circumstances. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Edward freeman born december 18, 1951 is an american philosopher and professor of business administration at the darden school of the university of virginia, particularly known for his work on stakeholder theory 1984 and on business. Rather the argument recognizes that the stakeholder framework is largely managerial in the sense that donaldson and preston have pointed out. However, a coherent stakeholder theory is difficult to identify because various academic disciplines have produced several versions of stakeholder theory roberts and mahoney, 2004. In the intervening years, the literature on stakeholder theory has become vast and diverse. Edward freeman born december 18, 1951 is an american philosopher and professor of business administration at the darden school of the university of virginia, particularly known for his work on stakeholder theory 1984 and on business ethics.
Preston university of maryland the stakeholder theory has been advanced and justified in the man agement literature on the basis of its descriptive accuracy, instrumen tal power, and normative validity. Theory and practice fran ackermann and colin eden this article explores how top management teams can increase the robustness of their strategies by attending to important concepts emerging from the stakeholder literature. We begin by developing a brief history of the concept. When edward freeman first published his book about stakeholder theory in 1984, it. International journal of applied institutional governance volume 1 issue 1 the stakeholder theory in the modern global business environment tony ike nwanji phd researcher on corporate governance kerry e. A stakeholder approach 1984, the stakeholder theory originated by r. Edward freeman originally detailed the stakeholder theory of organizational management and business ethics that addresses morals and values in. Widely acknowledged as a world leader in business ethics and strategic management, r. An interesting and important aspect of stakeholder theory is that it is comprehensive in its approach.
446 322 1358 1562 454 896 466 900 834 1392 583 517 1031 1589 1485 484 263 1486 565 542 1659 842 259 1380 48 1463 966 653 499 192 1351 1327 1473